Power-operated typewriter



July 11, 1939. c. cHlsHoLM 2,165,223

POWER-OPERATED TYPEWRITER F11ed Feb. 5, 1936 11 sheets-sheet 1 l 00 ,Zo/5 nef) 111/434 m 'V92/@WMM XM( l1' Sheets-Sheet 2 C. CHISHOLM Filed Feb. 5, 1936 POWER-OPERATED TYPEWRITER .July 11, 1939.

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`Fuly 11, 1939. c. cHxsHoLM POWER-OPERATED TYPEWRITER 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 Filed Feb. 5. 1936 MKM.

ATTORNEYS` July 11, 1939. I C. CWSHOLM 2,165,223

POWER-OPERATED TYPEWRITER Filed Feb. 5, 193s 11 sheets-51199111 INVENTOR.

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@Ma/w CTM ATroRNEY Patented `ul'y 11', 193g UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2.165.223 PowER0PEnATED TYPEWRT'I'ERv Clifton chishdm, cleveland, ohio, assignor of thirty-live per lcent to Henry C. Osborn, Clevelana, ohio Application February 5, 1936, Serial No. 62,467

8 Claims. (Cl. 19'7-84) 10 ducing copies in simulation of letter-press printing. Such reproduction, for instance, may be planographjcally, hectographically, or by stencil, but is preferably accomplished by photographic transfer to a printing plate which is used in an 15 oiset planographic printing machine.

My .invention contemplates the provision of a machine having a plurality of spacing keys or bars, each key or bar being-so arranged as to' space'the words a different distance from each Z other, as, for instance, a twelve-unit space4 bar, a ten-unit space bar, or an eight-unit space bar. In using my machine the operator will ltype or print a line in the usual manner using a standard Y space bar. Mechanism is provided which is dependent upon the diierence in length between the printed line and a standard line, and the total number of spaces in the typed line to indicate to the operator which space keys or bars should be used when retyping the line to produce a standard or justified line. The operator then types this information at the end of the printed line and proceeds to type the next line using the same procedure. These typed lines are then removed from the mechanism and reprinted using those space bars or keys indicated at the end of the respective lines. These reprinted lines are then removed from the machine and utilized in the usual manner to form a printing member.

One 'of the objects of this invention is to pro- .0 vide a mechanism which will facilitate the operation above set forth and enable the operator to readily produce justied copy.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a printing machine of the keyboard type with an improved operating mechanism, which will be operated by suitable power mechanism and will be so arranged as to minimize the work done by the keys themselves, thereby increasing the speed and accuracy of the'mechanism.

0 Other objects of the invention will become more apparent from the following description, ref--A In the drawings, Fig. 1 lis a plan view of a ma.- chine embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation looking at the left-hand side of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a side elevation looking at the machine from the right-hand side of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the machine illustrated in Fig. 1; Figs. 5 and 6 are transverse sectional views on an enlarged scale, the plane of the sections being indicated by the lines 5--5 and 6 6 on Fig.

l; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view, as in- 10.

dic'ated by the line 1-1 on Fig, 1; Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. '7, but illustrating certain of the parts in a different position; Fig. 9 is a fragmentary horizontal section, the plane of the section being indicated by the line 9 9 on Fig. '7; Fig. 15`

10. is a detail section as indicated'by the line lll-I 0 on Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a vertical section taken in the plane of the lines II-II on Fig. 1; Fig. 12

is a sectional detail as indicated by the line I2--I2 of Fig. l1; Fig. 13 is a sectional detail, the 20 plane of the section being indicated by the lines I3-I3 on Fig. 11; Fig. 14 is a. diagrammatic illustration of the justication chart; Fig. is a sectional detail of a modied form of mechanism for shifting the carriage and type wheels from upper to lower case characters and vice versa, the l 'general plane of the section being indicated by the lines I5-l5 on Fig. 1; Figs. 16 and 17 are detail sections, as indicated by the correspondingly numbered lines on Fig. 15; Fig. 18 is a detail sec- 30 tion as indicated by the lines |8-I8 on Fig. 17; Fig. l19 is a side elevation-.of a type wheel ren'moved from the machine; Fig. 20 is a section as indicated by the line 20--20 on Fig. 19; Fig. 21

is a fragmentary face elevation of a type wheel.

Referring now to thev drawings, and especially to Fig. 1, it will be seen that my improved typewriting machine comprises a frame Il), supported by suitable legs or standards Il and carrying a platen I2, across which a work sheet or web W is fed by a suitable paper feeding mechanism. Above. the platen l2 are mounted a series of type wheels l4, each wheel carrying on its periphery an entire font ofb type. One wheel may carry, for instance, an eight-point type, and another wheel a ten-point type, etc. The type wheels are arranged to be selectively positioned to` enable the printing from a selected font of type.

The type wheel which is in position immediately above the platen is rotated undercontrol of a key board I5, to-bring the desired character or type of its font into printing position. The key .l board I5 also controls a mechanism which, when a type wheel has been brought to rest with the selected character in printing position, causes o type thereon into printing contact with the work.

' After the character has been impressed on the work, the latter is advanced a distance which is determined by the width of the character impressed. The total advance of the work, as well as the total number of spaces between the words of a set line, control the positioning of a justifying scale carried by a drum 28| mounted on the frame.

During the first typing or printing of a line, the operator uses a standard space bar 200, to advance the Work without making impression there- 1 on. When 4the end of the line is reached, the operator may inform himself, by inspecting the justifying scale C, what space bars or what width of spaces should be used in place of the standard space bar to justify the printed vline'. This information is printed at the end of the line and when all lines havebeen typed the copy is reprinted, the operator using the space bar indicated by the information printed at the end of the respective lines, as directed by the justifying scale, instead of the regular space bar.-

The platenl |2 and paper feed mechanism are bestillustrated in Figs, 1, 2, 5, 6, 11 and 12. As there shown, the paper feed mechanism and the platen are mounted in a rectangular frame 2|,

which is provided with guiding rollers 22, arranged 'to coact with longitudinally extending horizontal guideways 23, formed in a frame member 24, secured to the main frame I at the -left-hand side thereof.

As illustrated, the platen comprises 4a longitudinally extending bar, which is mounted in vertical guideways or slots 25, so that it may be adjusted up and down to regulate the printing pressure and to facilitate the positioning of the paper or work W in the feeding mechanism. The platen is provided with a rubber or similar platen surface 26, which is secured to the platen I2 in the usual manner.

y I'he vertical adjustment of the platen is accom plished by the rotation of a shaft`21. which carries at its opposite ends cams 28, arranged to co'- act with adjusting screws 29 carried by the' platen, as shown in Fig. 11. Suitable springs 28a, inter- K posed between the platen and the frame 2|, mainpermit the initial feeding of a worksheet W tothe paper-feeding mechanism. The cams 28 are preferably provided with recesses 29a, hence, by turmng the knob 3|, (Fig. 11) the operator may move the platen away from the type wheels andK back again without changing its adjustment.

The .paper feeding mechanism comprises a pair of rolls 32 and 33, mounted on respective shafts 34 and 35, which are journalled in the end plates of the platen frame in any suitable manner. The roll 33 may be provided at its ends, as shown in Fig. 6, with a plurality of radially extending projections 36, arranged to engage suitable perforations formed in the edges of the worksheet W, so as to accurately position the 'paper relative to the platen and previously typed lines. As shown in Fig. 6, the worksheet passes'around the roll 33 and is maintained in engagement with the projections 36 thereof by suitable guide members 31.

e worksheet passes from the roll 33 across the platen I2 to the roller 32 with which it is held in contact by suitable rollers 38. These'rdllers are mounted on a shaft 39 carried by levers 40, which are pivotally mounted as at 4| to the end members of the platen frame 2|. Suitable springs 43 serve to maintain the rollers 38 in engagement with the work W, as shown in Fig. 6.

The platen bar surface 26 lies above the top surface of the paper feed rolls 32 and 33, and is of suicient Width to accommodate but one letter. The worksheetW therefore passes upwardly from the roll 33 to the platen and downwardly to the roll 32. Hence, I may place the circumferential rows of printing characters relatively close together without danger of smudging the worksheet.

- after to be described in detail, but which is mounted on'the main frame I8 and is periodically rotated predetermined angular distances to advance the carriage to the right in Fig. 11, for letter or character feeding' of the paper. The return of the carriage is accomplished, as will be hereinafter more fully described, byreversing the direction of rotation of the pinion 46.

The work sheet is advanced to feed it from one printing line to another by a manual operation, which rotates the paper feed rolls 32 and 33, (Fig. 6) in a counter-clockwise direction a distance equivalent to the desired spacing of lines. As shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the feed roll shaft 35 extends the full length of the frame bracket l24, which supports the platen carriage guideway 23, and sis provided with a key-way 41, which, together with a key carried by the roll 33, provides in effect a splined driving connection between the shaft 35 and the roll 33.

The roll 32 is driven fromthe roll 33, Secured tothe roll 33 is a pinion 48, which meshes with an idler pinion 49, carried by the carriage 2|, and

which, in turn, engages a pinion 50,secured to the roll 32.

'I'he shaft 35 is rotated to advance the work W manually by the operator. For this purpose, a lever 5| is pivoted to the bracket 44, as on a pivot shaft 52, and is provided with a pawl 53 normally held in engagement with a ratchet 54 by a suitable spring 55. The clockwise movement of this lever (Fig. 4) causes a partial rotation to be imparted to the ratchet, which is drivingly connected, as shown in Fig. 11,4 with a pinion 56, which meshes with a gear 51, secured to the forward end of the paper vfeed roll shaft 35.

The spacing between the lines is cont-rolled by the amount of movement imparted tothe ratchet. As illustrated in Figs. 4 and 11. I journal a cam disc 58 on the pivot shaft 52. This cam disc is provided with a recess portion 59. and a high or cam portion 6|),l which, latter portion is arranged to engage a. pin 6|, carriedl by the pawl 53r and raise the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet. This, therefore, adjuststhe effective stroke on the pawl. The actual' stroke of the pawl 53 is limited by a pair of pins 62, which are carried by the bracket 44 and project into' the path of the lever 5|, as indicated on Fig'. ,4. The cam '58 isreis carried by a bracket 1 I.

tained in a'n'y selected' position by a spring-pressed ball 63, (Fig. 11), which is mounted in the frame 44 and engages any one of a series of recesses in the cam disc.

The type wheels are best shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 19 to 20. In the present embodiment of the' invention I have illustrated three type wheels I4, each of which is mounted on a shaft 10, which This bracket is swingably mounted on a shaft |06, which isV journalled in the main frame I0. Each type wheel carries on its periphery two annular sets of type. The type in the left-hand band or ring of type is shown in Fig. 5, and comprises the upper case type, Whereas the right-hand band of the same wheel includes the lower case type.

In Fig. 5 I have indicated the type wheels, as I4, |4a and. |419.v The type wheel I4 may carry, for instance, eight-point type, the type wheel a, ten-point type, and the type wheel b, twelvepoint type. One face of each type wheelis provided with a recess 14,.'and the other face is provided with a pin 15, adapted to engage the`corresponding recess ofthe next adjacent type wheel. The pin of the type wheel furthest totthe right, (Fig. 5) engages a similar recess in a gear 16, which is mounted on the shaft 10. the gear is rotated the type wheels are rotated in unison therewith. The amount of such rotation is controlled by the key board, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

The type wheels may be made of metal, preferably a light metal such as an aluminum alloy, or of Bakelite, hard rubber or some other similar non-metallic composition, as indicated in Fig. 20. Each type wheel comprises a body section 400 provided with a suitable hub bushing 40|. The periphery of the type Wheel is provided with a series of key slots 402, arranged to receive type T having enlarged feet t' and heads t3 joined together by a. web t2. The slots 402 are arranged to embrace the heads and web of the type, the heads of whichproject outwardly from the periphery of the type wheel, as shown in Fig. 19. The type wheel illustrated in the drawings is provided with two series of type retaining slots 402, which extend from opposite faces of the wheel toward the center, where they are separated by a ring 403 preferably formed integral with the body of the wheel.

The typev T are retained against radialmovement by their enlarged feet t and are inserted. -in the wheel by sliding-them axially relative to the wheel. The type are restrained against axial movement' by retaining plates 12, which are secured to opposite faces of the vtype wheel by suitable screws 13.

The type wheels are supplied with a suitable ink fountain, which is best illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, and 11. As there shown, the ink fountain is mounted on the type wheel bracket 1|, and includes the usual fountain trough 11, in which a suitable fountain roll 18 is intermittently rotated, as will be hereinafter described. A ductor roll 19 is mounted on a pair of levers-80, which are pivotally mounted on a shaft 80a, journalled in the bracket 1I. The ductor roll is alternately brought into engagement with the fountain roll and a reciprocating transfer roll 8|, by a cam 82, carried on the periphery of onefof the' type wheels I4, as indicated in Fig. 2, and which cam engages a roller 83, carried by the lower end ofy oneof the levers 80. A suitable spring serves to :I intain either the roller 83 in engagement with Thus, when the ca'r'n 82, 'r the ductor roll 19 in engagement 1 with the fountain roll 18.

The roll 8| is reciprocated to aid in the distribution of ink, in a direction parallel with the axis of theV type wheels. As shown in the drawings, the roll 8| is secured to a shaft 89, which is rotatively and slidably mounted in the bracket member 1I. The shaft 89, as shown in Fig. 5, extends to lthe left of the left-'hand bracket meinber 1| and is engaged by a forked end of a lever 84, which is pivoted intermediate its ends as at the bracket member 1I. At its lower end the lever 84 is provided with a roller 85'arranged to engage a cam 86, which is'drivingly secured to the shaft 10 by a suitable pin 81. The shaft 10 is driven by a lug'88, projecting from an en' larged portionof the shaft'inwardly toward and into engagement with the walls of a suitable recess, (not shown) in the type ring. A spring Ais interposed between the lower end of the lever 84 and the bracket 1| to maintain the roller 85 in V is`removed from the roll 94 by a suitable scraper 96'pivotally mounted on'a shaft 96a and retained in contactV with the roll by a suitable spring 96h. Any means, suchas a reservoir (not shown) may be used to prevent the excess ink from reaching the various parts of the mechanism. However, I have found that only a small amount of ink will accumulate on the scraper and hence this need be wiped only occasionally by the operator. Reference is made to my pending application Serial No. 230,034, filed September 15, 1938, for claims on the type cleaning mechanism shown.

The inking mechanism rolls 94, 92 and 90 are positively driven bysuitable gears 91, 98 and 99 Secured to the respective roll shafts. The gear 91 meshes with the gear 98 4which, in turn, is driven by a gear |00, loosely journalled on the shaft 10, and which is drivingly secured to the type wheel driving gear 16. The gear 99, which drives the roll 90, is engaged directly by the gear |00. Hence, the respective rolls are driven whenever the type wheels are rotated.

It will be noted from Fig. 5 that I have so arranged the type 'wheels that they may be readily removed without disturbing the driving gears 16 or |00, or a type wheel registering gear this end the gears 16, |00 and I0| are mounted on a bushing or sleeve |02, carried by the righthand 'member of the frame bracket 1I, which sleeve, in turn, rotatively supports the' shaft 10. Hence, the shaft 10 may be withdrawn without disturbing the gears. heldin operative position by a set screw, indicated at |03, (Flg. 5), as carried by the left-hand frame member'of the bracket 1I and arranged to engage an annular recess |04 in the shaft 10, thereby preventing its axial movement.

The type wheels I4 are normally rotating and are brought to-a stop with a selected character in the printing position by the operation of the key board, as will be Ahereinafter more fully described. As illustrated in Fig. 11,v the type wheel driving gear' 16 meshes with a gear |05, which I0|, hereinafter to'be more fully described. To"

of a frictional driving clutch the other mem` ber 2 of which is pinned to the shaft I 06, as indicated at H3. Back lash of the shaft |06 is prevented by a rollerclutch, one member ||4 of which is secured to the shaft |06 by a pin H5,

and the other memberI I6 of which is held sta-l tionary by a pin |1, carried by a frame bracket ||8. This clutch is of the usual type and hence is not described in detail. Suffice it to say that it is of the type wherein, as long as the shaft rotates in one direction, the clutch rollers ||9 are free to move about the axis of the shaft, but whenever the shaft tends to rotate in the other direction, these rollers lock the two clutch-members together, thereby locking the shaft against rotation.

As heretofore mentioned, 4the type wheel, which is above the platen I2, is brought to rest with a selected type in printing position, that is, immediately above the platen bar or at the lowermost point on the type wheels, so that consequent upon the rocking of the type wheel car` riage or bracket 1| above its axis, namely the shaft |06, the lowermost type will leave an impression on the work sheet W, which lies across the platen as illustrated in Fig. 6.

The stopping ofthe rotation of the type wheels is under direct control of keyboardy |5. This keyboard and the control mechanism associated therewith is best illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 to 9, inclusive. Referring specifically to Fig. 1, the keyboard l5 includes a series of character keys |20 which, for illustrative purposes, are outlined on Fig. 1 with a pair of adjacent circles; a standard space bar 200;'a series of special space keys v206, a shift key 300, a tabulator key 294 and a carriage return key 250.

In Fig. 1, the standard space bar is shown as a longitudinally extending bar immediately in front of the character keys of the keyboard. 'I'he special space keys 205, the purpose of which will be hereinafter fully explained, are shown as being similar to the character keys. These space keys, however, for illustrative purposes, are outlined wlth a heavy black circle, to distinguish them from the character keys. The shift key 300 is shown at the left-hand side of the key-A board. The tabulator and carriage return keys are mounted at the right-hand of the keyboard and are inscribed according to the operation performed by them.

The keyboard is of the power type so that the depression of 4any of the character keys initiates mechanism to control the stopping of the type Wheels, as about to be described. It should be noted, however, that such power operation is not Claimed herein, but in my copending application Serial No. 110,085, led November 10, 1936, while the means for controlling the key levers themselves is claimed in my copending application Serial No. 154,790, filed July 21, 1937. Each character key |20 is, as shown in Fig. 8sup-l ported by an upstanding lug orarm of one member |2| of a compound key lever. 'I'he members or levers |2| of all key levers are pivoted to a common shaft |22, mounted in suitable frame I' shaft |30 carried in frame brackets |3I.

brackets. The normal position of the key lever members v|2| is shown by thelever |2| in Fig. 7. Here it will be noted that the key lever member |2| is provided with a notch |21, which provides a seat for a pin |28,l carried by the other member |29 of its respective key lever. The key lever members |29 are pivotally mounted on a common The pins |28 are normally maintained in contact with the notches and their respective key levers |2| by.a series of springs |32 which are interposed between the levers |29 and a suitable frame member.

The arrangement of the key mechanism is such that the operator need only initiate the depression of a key, power mechanism, operated by the motor M, heretofore described, serving to complete the depression. As illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, each lever |29 is provided with a downwardly extending projection |33. When the operator depresses a finger key |20, an amount sufficient to cause the notch |21 of its respective key lever member |2| to disengage the pin |28 of its corresponding lever member |29, the projection |33 0f such .lever will be moved, from the position illustrated in Fig. 7, to a position where it will be engaged by a vertically reciprocating bar |35. .This bar is reciprocated by a plunger |23 slidably mounted in the frame I0 and joined by a connecting rod |24 with a crank oreccentric carried by a shaft |25. The shaft |25 is driven by agear |26 which meshes with an idle gear |34 and which in turn is driven by a gear |65 secured to the drivingpulley |01. The first upward movement of the bar, following the depression of a key by the operator, will cause the bar to contact the projection |33 of the partially depressed key lever member and positively rock it to a fully depressed position.

The movement of any one of the bars |29 from the position shown in Fig. 7 to the position shown in Fig. 8, stops the type wheel with the character which corresponds to the character represented by such key lever, in printing-position. This movement of the key lever member |29 also releases for action a mechanism which causes the type wheels to be rocked about their pivot shafts |06, to cause the selected character to be impressed upon the work W. This movement also causes the platenand paper carriage to be advanced a distance equivalent to that re.- quired by the selected character, immediately after the impression of such character takes place, thereby positioning the work sheet for the impression of the next succeeding character.

'I'he rocking of any'key member |29 stops the type wheels by the operation of a corresponding stop lever |44. As shown in the drawings, and especially Figs. 1, 7 and 8, the shaft |06, which drives theptype wheels, is provided withva series of discs |40 which are drlvingly secured thereto by a key |4|. There is one 'disc for each key lever mechanism |2I, |29, such disc lying in the samev vertical plane as the key lever member |29.

Each disc |40 is provided with a shoulder |42,

an abutment |43 of its respective stop lever |44.'

The latter levers are pivoted as lat |45.to a bell crank |46, which'is, in turn, pivoted-to the frame bracket |3|, as at |41. l

The stop 'members |44 are normally held out of the path of 'the shoulders of their respective discs 40 by the key lever members |2'9 heretofore described. When, however, a key |20 is de pressed, the corresponding lever |29 'is rocked in clockwise direction by the reciprocating bar |35, and causes the spring |48, interconnecting such lever and its respective stop member `|'44, to raise the stop into contact with the 'path of the shoulder of its respective disc |40` Hence, the rotation of the shaft |06 will be stopped when the shoulder |42 of such disc engages the abutment |43 of the corresponding stop member |44. The friction clutch heretofore described, permits the stopping of the shaft |06 without interference with the operation of the power mechanism or damage to the parts. 'I'his stopping of rotation of the shaft |06 stops the type Wheel with the selected character in printing position, which character is represented by the key i20 which was depressed.

The depression of the key |20 also releases a mechanism which causes the printing action. As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, it will be noted that when a disc |40 engages a stop lever |44, it rocks -the bell crank |46 about its pivot |41, against the action of a compression spring |49 interposed between the bell crank and a stationary frame member |50. The movement of this bell crank rocks a lever |5| (Fig. 3) about its pivot |54, withdrawing the left-hand end of said lever (Fig. 3) from the path of a latch |55, which is pivoted as at |56 'to a clutch member |51, drivingly sc cured to a gear |58, both of which are rotatively mounted on a shaft |59, journalled in suitable bearings |50 in upstanding frame bracket memloers |6l.

The withdrawal of the lever |5| permits a spring |62 to draw the latch into engagement with an abutment |63 formed on a collar |64, which is pinned to the shaft |59, thereby driv- :mgly connecting the shaft |59 with the'gear |58. This gear meshes with the gear |65 which is drivingly connected to the driving pulley |01. This clutch is of the usual single revolution type, and when the shaft has made one complete revolution, the latch |55 will be cammed out of engagement with the collar |64, by the lever |5|, which, at that time, will have been returned `to it's normal position.

The shaft |59, during the first-half of its rev- .olution, acts to rock the type wheelsto cause an impression to be made upon the worksheet W. As' shown in Fig. 5,-an eccentric bushing |66 is securedl to the left-hand en d of the shaft |59, and through a connecting rod |61, which is interconnected between the eccentric anda Din |68 integrally carried by the type wheel carriage 1|, causes the carriage to be rocked about its pivot shaft |06, thus causing anl impression to be made. v

The rocking of the carriage 1| to make an impression accurately positions the angular position of a type which is substantially in the printing position. As illustrated in Figs. 5 and 11, an indexing gear is mounted on the bushing |02' and, as heretofore explained, is arranged to rotate as a. unit with the type wheels. As the car'- riage is swung downwardlyv about its pivot, this gear engages a precisioning dog |69 carried by a' stationary frame bracket |6|. This engagement takes place before the type strikes the Work and is effective to accurately index the type wheels. The movement of the type wheels, due to this precisioning mechanism, is comparatively little.z v

and is entirely compensated for by back lash in the gearing and other mechanism, hence may be accomplished Without damage.

The rocking of the type carriage 1| to make an impression also causes the movement of the fountain roll 18 of the ink fountain, hence, the ink fountain will not feed a surplus supply of ink to the type wheels. The fountain roll 18 is drivingly secured toa shaft 406 journalled in the carriage 1| as shown in Fig. 11. Drivingly secured to this shaft is a ratchet 401 arranged to be engaged by a spring pressed pawl 408 carried by a lever 409. The lower end of this lever is pivoted to a stationary frame member |6|, and at its`upper end is provided with a vslot 4|0 through which the shaft 406 extends.l Hence, the downr Ward movement of the carriage will cause the pawl to pass idly across the ratchet teeth, the upward movement ofthe carriage causing the pawl to advance the ratchet. If desired, the usual dete'nt pawl arrangement (not shown) may be used to prevent movement of the ratchet during the idle movement of the pawl l408. Ref erence is made to my eopending application S'- rial o. 2'30-,0'34 heretofore referred to for claims on the above described means for rotating the fountain roll.

sion of the next key by the operator. The resetting of the lever mechanism is accomplished by an enlarged eccentric portion of the shaft |59, which overlies the key lever members |29,

and consequent upon the rotation of the'shaft serves to rock such members in a counter-clockwise direction about their pivots |30, causing a projection |1| of a depressed lever to engage its 'respective latch member |44 and move it out of engagement with its corresponding disc |40, permitting the spring |49 to return the bell crank |46, as well as the lever |5| (Fig. 3), thereby causing the rotation of the shaft to, cease, fol'- lowing the completion of one revolution, as heretofore mentioned.

While the levers 29 are being returned, by the eccentric portion |10 of the shaft |59, to the position shown in Fig. '1, the key lever members |2| are likewise returned. As shown in Fig. 8, each key lever member spring |12, which is interconnected'between its respective key lever member |2| and a stationary frame member |1|. When a key lever member |2| is depressed, its associated member |29 is moved to the position shown in Fig. 1, as heretofore described, whereupon the pin |28 maintains the member |2| depressed by engagement with a surface |14 of such member. When, however, the key lever member is reset or re.- turned to the position shown in Fig. '1, the spring |12 returns the member |2|, bringing the recess or notch |21 into engagement with the pin |28 and latching the key lever members |2| and |29 together.-

'I'he depression of a key through its control of the shaft |59, also controls the advance of the paper feed and platen carriage. As heretofore explained, the operation of the key'serves to cause the shaft |59 to make one complete revolution. During the second half of this revolution, the paper carriage is advanced a distance |2| is provided with a which is determined by the width of the type, the imprint of which was caused by the operation of the selected key.

When a key is depressed, its key lever member.|29 is rocked clockwise about its pivot |30 by the bar |35. This`clockwise movement of the A key lever |29 is limited by a block |88, secured to the frame I0, as shown in Fig. 7. During its downward movement, the key lever member |29 engages a comb |8| supported by a yoke |82 which is pivotally mounted on a rock shaft |83.

The comb |8| is provided with a series of steps |85 of varying height. The arrangement of these steps is such that various keys lower or rock the comb variable angular distances, the distance depending upon which key is struck. The rocking movement of the yoke |82 is transmitted y pressed detent pawl to a bell crank |84 by a pin |15 (Fig. 9). This bell cranky |84 is likewise pivoted to the shaft |83 and carries on its upper end, as shown in Fig. 11, a pawl |86, normally spring-pressed into engagement with a ratchet wheel |81. This ratchet wheel is drivingly mounted on theshaft |83, and hence the angular movement of the yoke |82 draws the pawl idly in a clockwise direction (Fig. 11) a distance determined by the.

height of the step |85 in the comb, which was struck by the key lever member |29. The movement of the ratchet, during this movement of the pawl, is prevented by a suitable spring- |88 carried by a frame bracketv |89.

During the last half of the rotation ofthe shaft |59', an eccentric crank |98, rigidly secured to the shaft |59, causes a connecting arm |9|` to advance the ratchet an angular distance equivalent to the distancemof movement ofthe pawl just described. The connection between the crank arm and the bell crank |84 is the usual pin and slot arrangement, as shown in Fig. 11 at |92. 'I'he rotary movementl of the ratchet |81 is imparted through a series of change speed gears |93 to the carriage progressing gear 46, thus causing the advance of thefpaper carriage.

The comb is returned to its normal position, shown in Fig. 7, when the key levers are reset,

, by the connecting rod |`9|, and overthrow thereof is prevented by a suitable weight 4|2 (Fig. '1), which is connected to a rearwardly extending arm 4|3 of the Comb by a suitable exible cord 4| 4, and is retained in such position by a latch y moved into reengagement with the comb fork |82 by a suitable spring 4|9.

'I'he height of the steps |85 in the comb control, as above pointed out, is the distance which the paper carriage is advanced following each impression. This distance is so arranged that it equals the distance required for the character just printed and is one of the factors in determining how the printed 'line is to be justified when it is retyped. Therefore, the system used in determining the height of these steps willl now be explained.

The width-of each type used on the type wheel x will be nine units wide.

bears a fixed relationv to each other type used on the wheel. This width is commonly called the set size. In designing the type, the width of the basic character of the font, namely, the

upper case letter M, is divided into eighteen- "f" and twice as wideA as the lower case letters a, o, g or x, Hence, if the upper case letter M is divided into eighteen units, the lower case letters j and s each comprise six units, while the lower case a, o, g and Other letters will vary accordingly in width. The smallest letters, such as a period, will be ve units wide.

'Ihe arrangement is such that the paper carriage is advanced the number of units equivalent to the set size of theletter last impressed on the work. For instance, if the letter W or a full length dash is impressed, it will be noted from Fig. 10 that a key lever member |29 will contact with a step |95 of the comb I 8| and depress the comb and the yoke |82 a distance sufcient to cause the ratchet wheel |81 to advance the paper carriage a 'distance equivalent to eighteen units. Thus, by varying ythe height of the steps |85 with which the key lever members 29 coact, the paper carriage may be fed a distance required by the last character printed, such character, of course, being determined by the key depressed.

The'desired length of the lines to be prmted,

which will' be called the justied length or page.

length, also is divided into units of the same width as the type units, the total number of units in such lines determining their length. As the keys are depressed and a line prin-ted, mechanism is provided which keeps count of the number of units'or difference between the printed or set line and a justii-led or page line. When the end of a set line has been reached, it will either be the same length as a page line or some units short thereof. If it is short, it must be justified, when retyped.p I accomplish this justification by increasing the length of the spaces between the words, in other words, by increasing the number of units in the spaces, so that the line will completely ll space allotted to a justii'led or page length line. I therefore provide a mechanism which, when the last letter in the line has been printed, will indicate to the operator in what manner the line is to be retyped so that it will make a page length line.

To enable proper retyping of a set line and produce a page line, I have provided my typewriting machine with a series of space keys, and a space bar. The `space bar is used for all spaces during the initial printing operation, namely, during the typing of a set line, while the space` keys are only used for the reprinting operation, namely, to produce a justified or pagel line. When the set line is printed, a space bar 280, Fig.' 1, is used. 'Ihis space bar is provided with a compound key lever |2|a, similar in all respects to the key levers |2|. f 'I'he key lever |2|a engages the comb |8| in such a manner that it moves the yoke |82 to advance the paper carriage five units, and rotates the type wheels to a blank position so that no impression will result from the actuation of the type wheels.

When the operator reaches the end of the set line, itis .obvious that, if there are five spaces in such line, a total of twenty-five units will have been used for the spaces. Likewise, if the printed line lacks twenty-five units of lling the Aspaces been ten units and the last space eleven units, a page line would have been completed.

I provide my improved typewriting mechanism with a, chart C, which, when the set line has been completed, informs the operator what-space keys f Lare to be used when the line is reprinted to produce a full page line, and thus-accomplish justification of the line. This chart is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 14. If, at the end of the set line containing five spaces there are twenty-five units left, an indicator 350 (Fig. 1) will be relatively aligned with the encircled numeral 10 on my chart. This informs the operator that when the line is retyped, the space key 205, which also bears the numeral 10, should be depressed for each space, instead of the space bar 200, which was used in typing the set line. The operator therefore prints such numerals at the end of the set line, and when retyping the line uses the space key 205,- Ainstead of the space bar 200, thus printing a complete justified page line.

In the second instance previously referred to, where the set line contains five spaces and is twenty-six units short of completing a page line,

the indicator 350 will align relatively with theA 'encircled numerals inscripted 10.4.11 of the chart. This inscription will likewise be printed at the end of the set line, and when the operator retypes the line, the space key 205, lwhich is inscribed l0 willbe depressed four times, four being the middle numeral of the three of this linscription above mentioned, and the space key 206, which bears' the designation 11 will be depressed for the remaining spaces, in this instance, for the last space in the line, thus producing a, complete page line.

While I have inscribed the space keys with a numeral or iigure equal to the number of units which they will advance the paper carriage, and have used these units in my justification chart,

. it is nevertheless obvious that these space keys may be otherwise designated, as, for instance, by the letters A, B', C, D, E, eg.' The space key 205 might bear the letter A and the space key 206 bear the'letter B.' The circled inscription 10.4.11 would then read A4B. It is therefore evident that it is not essential that the chart bear the number of units.

However, I find it convenient to inscribe the space keys and chart with .numerical units, as this enables me to insert readily, upon reprinting, a large space of proper width by the operation of two or more space keysfor those abnormal lines of long words, and few spaces which require such Wide spacing. `I provide space keys, the inscriptions of which range from 5 to 18, and most of the chart is devoted to such spacing. It will be noticed, however, from Fig. 14, that in the upper right-hand corner of the chart I have provided` for spacing requiring spaces from 19 to 41 units in width. The 35 unit, for instance, could be effected by operating the 18 and the 17 space keys, and the 41 units of space on the chart could be effected by operating the 18 ke'y twice and the 5 key once. It is only on rare occasions that spacing requiring higher than 18 units is necessary.

The application of the justification chart to the machine is best illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. As there shown, it will be noted that I wrap my chart around the-periphery of a, cylinder or drum 20|, which is splined to a shaft 202, mounted in suitable frame brackets 203. The mechanism rotates this drum about its axis,

as the carriage is fed, the amount of rotationl being dependent upon the'unit width Aof the type impressed or the unit length that the carriage is fed.

It will be noted from inspection. of Fig. 14 that there are seventy-one horizontal rows of indicia on the chart, each row of indicia representing one unit. While the average line is considerably longer than seventy-one units, I nevertheless find that if the line is more than seventy-one units short of completing a page line, the set line may be lengthened by the addition of another Word or words, so that in practice there is seldom, if ever, more than seventy-one units which must be provided to` justify a set line in order that a page line will be completed. Hence, I so arrange my mechanism that the rotary movement of the chart does not start until the set line is within seventy-one units of a cornplete page line, and start Ithe rotary movement atl that time. When the rotary movement starts the chart will be rotated, unit by unit,.as the carriage is advanced, so that atthe end of the set line it will be positioned so that the horizontal row which corresponds to the number of units difference between the set line and a page line'will be in alignment with the indicator 350., .The chart C begins to rotate when the dif-` The chart C is rotated by the ratchet |81, which,

as heretofore explained, is rotated through .the medium of the comb |8| a distance equivalent to the number 'of units required for the characters as they are printed. The ratchet |81 is drivingly secured to its shaft |83 and this shaft, as shown in Fig. 9, extends from the ratchet or left-hand side of the machine to the right-hand side of the4 machine. Onv the right-hand end of this shaft I secure a pinion 2|0, arranged to mesh, as shown in Fig. 3, with a gear 2'|4,`which is drivingly secured to a shaft 2|2 mounted in a frame bracket 2| 3.

Also secured to the shaft 2|2 is a disc 2|5, which is provided with a block 2I6 arranged to be arcuately adjusted relative to the axis of the shaft 2|2 and clamped in such adjusted' position. The block 2|6 consequent upon rotation of the shaft 2|2 will engage a pin 2I1 (Fig. 4) carried by a segmental gear member 2|8, rotatably mounted on the shaft 2|2 and in driving engagement with a pinion 2| drivingly -secured to the to progressthe paper carriage, it causes the rotation ofthe disc 2|5 in the direction of the 'Hil heretofore explained, the indicia on the chart now indicate to the operator which space key or keys should be used when retyping the line to produce a justified page line. The paper carriage and the chartare returned to their normal position after the end of the set line has been reached, as will hereinafter be described.

The chart -drum is advanced axially to the right in Fig. 4, from one vertical column of indicia on the.chart to another vertical column, each time the space bar 200 is depressed. The total number of columns by which the chart is advanced is equal to the total number of spaces in th'e set line. To this end, I journal a yoke 230, as shown in Fig. 1, to the chart drum 20|, and to each end of the yoke I secure an arm 23| (Fig. 4). These arms, at their" upper ends, are provided with notches arranged to be engaged by a transversely extending stationary bar 232, carried by the frame brackets 203, and thereby prevent rotation of the yoke about the axis 4of the chart drum.

Rigidly secured to the yoke 230 is a rack 223. which is arranged to be advanced (moved to the right in Fig. 4) by a pawl 233. This pawl is pivotally mounted as at 234 to a suitable frame bracket. and is operated by a bell crank 235 (Figs. 1 and 3), which is pivotally connected to a lever 236, mounted as at 231, to a suitable frame bracket. The lever 236 is moved upwardly. that is. counter-clockwise above its pivot 231, by a link 238, whichl has an arm 239 (Fig. 1), overlying the members |29 of the combined spaced key lever mechanisms. This arm 239 is arranged so that consequent upon the depression of -either a space bar or any space key. the lever 236 will be rocked upwardly. causing the pawl 233 to advance the rack the distance ,of one tooth thereof, moving the chart drum 20| along its axis from one vertical line of indicia thereon to the next vertical lne.

The pawl 233 is reset by the shaft |59. A suitable connecting rod 242 is, as shown in Fig. 5. journalled to the cam portion |10 of such shaft and is connected by a pin and slot. connection 243 with the pawl operating lever 236 (Figs. 3 and 5), thus resetting the pawl after each operation thereof. Movement of therack bar is prevented while the pawl is being reset by the usual springpressed detent pawl 246 (Fig. 4). The rack bar is normally maintained in engagement with the detent pawl by a weight 241 (Fig. 1) which is secured to the arm 23| of the chart drum by a Suitabley cord 248 passing over a pulley 249.

'I'hechart is returned to its original or starting position when the end of a line is reached by the depression of a key 250. (Fig. l) 'I'his key is carried by a lever 25|, which is pivoted as at -252 to a frame bracket, and which is provided with a yoke 2,53 arranged to engagea pin 254 carried vby a clutch shifter fork 255. This fork,

.consequent upon the depression of the key 250,

moves a disc 260 (Fig. 4) into engagement witha constantly driven frictional driving disc 26|, which is driven inany suitable manner from the motor M, as, for instance, by suitable pulleys 262,

and a driving belt 263. This, as will be hereinafter explained, rotates the drum to its original starting position and returns the paper carriage.

'I'he movement of the shifter fork 255, due to the depression of the key 250, acts through the medium of a exible control wire 265' to cause a .button 266 on the other end of the wire toengage the detent pawl 246, causing it to move away from the rack 223, permitting the weight 241 to return the chart drum to its normal or left-hand position (Fig. 4).

The depression of the key 250, due to establishment of a driving connection between the friction disc A260 and the driving disc 26|, as heretofore explained, causes the shaft 210, which drivingly supports the driven disc 260, to be rotated. Suitable intermeshing pinions 21| and 4213 (Fig. 3), one of Which is carried by such shaft and the other of which meshes withv a gear 212,

which is drivingly connected to the ratchet shaft |83, serve to drive the shaft |83 in a reverse direction, thereby returning the segmental gear 2|8 and the chart C to their original angular positions relative to their axes. Thereupon, the ratchet |81, through its gearing |93, heretofore mentioned, returns the paper carriage to its normal position.

The chart C is moved when theline is retyped in the same manner as heretofore described in connection with the first typing of the line. this purpose, it will be noted that, the lever 239, which actuates the mechanism to move the chart axially, overlies all space key levers. This movement of the chart during retyping of the line has ltwo advantages; first, a pointer 420 carried by the chart, as, for instance, the left hand drum flange 420 (Fig. 4) ccacts with a stationary chart 42| carried by the frame members 203 and indicates to operator the number of the next space to be set; and secondly, due to both axial and radial movements of the chart C, a check is had at the end of the retyped line which should be complete. Hence, if at the end of the retyped line chart indicia other than that indicated in the bottom row, as shown in Fig. 14, namely, the numeral "5 appears in the indicator 350, the operator is warned that an error has been made.

'Ihe return of the paper carriage is permitted by the release of the detent pawl |88, which ordinarily prevents clockwise rotation of the ratchet |81. A exible wire control member 280 is secured to the key lever 25| and. consequent upon the depression of the key 250 rocks a pivoted .bell crank 283 (Fig. 2) counter-clockwise, causing a pin carried thereby to rock the pawl |88 to withdraw it fromv engagement with the ratchet wheel |81.

I also provide my typewriting mechanism With a tabulator, which permits the paper carriage to be advanced to predetermined positions in a manner similar to the tabulator of the ordinary typewriter. Such advance takes place without the operation of the space or character keys and.

For

50 I position the upper case row of, characters at the carriage in a predetermined position consequent4 upon the depression of a tabulator key y 294. The depression of this key, as shown in Figs'. 1, 4' and 11, rocks the key lever 25|, heretofore described, in a clockwise direction', shifting the clutch fork 255 to bring a friction disc 293 into engagement with the frictional driving wheel 26| heretofore described. This causes the shaft 210 which supports the discs 293 and 260 to move the paper carriage in a forward direction, such direction being indicated by an arrow in Fig. 1. The driving mechanism between the shaft 210 and the paper carriage is the same as heretofore described in connection with the carriage return, the only difference -being in a reverse movement of the various members of the mech-' anism due to the substitution of the disc 293 for ithe disc I26|] previously described as driving the shaft 210.

The depression ofthe tabulator key brings a pivoted latch 291 into position to engage a stop 29| and thereby stop the movement of the carriage, which was initiated by the tabulator key. As illustrated, the depression of the tabulator key also acts on the wire 280 heretofore described, to operate the detent pawl release 283, rocking this release lever 283 clockwise, causing it to engage a button head 295, of a flexible wire control member 296, causing such member, aslshown in Fig. 12, to rock a pawl 291 in a counter-clockwise direction, into position to engage a stop 29|. The engagement of the pawl with a stop 29| prevents further movement of the carriage. The friction clutch arrangement 293 and 26| permits such stopping of.` the carriage to take place without damage tothe various mechanisms. When the carriage is advanced by the tabulator, the ratchet shaft |63, which, as heretofore explained, is a -part of the carriage propelling mechanism, is r0- tated and hence the justification chart C will be properly positioned. l

As heretofore mentioned, each type wheel I4 carries on'its periphery two sets of type, T, and t, the type t 'being arranged in oney annular line cr row and the type T being arranged in another annular row closely adjacent thereto. 'I'he keyboard, it will be noted from Fig. l1, is marked with upper case characters only. However, these may represent, for practical purposes, either upper or lower case. In the embodiment illustrated,

the right-hand side of the type wheel (Fig. 5) and the lower case characters on the left-hand side of the type wheels.

When the type wheel carriage 1| is moved to position a' different -row of type relative to the platen, as will be hereinafter' more fully described, the precision stop |69 is also moved in the same direction by a pin 35| carried by the stop, which is in constant engagement with a, yoke 352 carried by the carriage. positioning of each type regardless of which row of type is in the operating position. 'I'he arrangement of the stop |69 and its index wheel |0| is such that the type wheels are always stopped with the rearmost edge of each type on a line passing through the axis of the type wheels and through the point of tangency between the instable link 3m.

'I'his insures the Vproper of registration with the platen |2 and the type T into registration therewith. As shown in Fig.

4, the shift key 300 is lmounted on a plunger 30|, which is normally maintained in an uppermost position, by a suitable spring not shown. Consequent upon the depression of the key300 a contractor 303 strikes a switch 304, causing theenergization of a solenoid4 306, which is connected with the switch by a conductor 305. The energization of the solenoid causes the core`3|l1 thereof to rock a lever 308, (Figs. 1 and 4) in a clockwise direction. This lever, through the medium of a link 309, rocks a lever 3|0, which is secured to a shaft 3| I, rotatively mounted inthe frame. I'he movement of the lever 3|0 is transmitted to the frame 1| which supports the type wheels and their inking mechanism, by a link 3|2, which is pivotally connected to the lever 3|0 by an ad- When the type wheels are moved to position the .upper case characters in the printing position, the comb |8| is also moved from the full line position to the dotted line position, as indicated in Fig. 10, the reason for this being that the upper case characters are of a different width than the corresponding lower case characters, and the justification chart C must therefore be moved a dierent distance. By moving the comb |8I, I am able to provide a second series of steps thereon, which will be mbved into position vto coact with the respective character .keys when the shift key is moved. Thus the justification chart will be advanced the proper distance when the shift key is operated. This, of course, eliminates the necessity of providing both upper and lower case characters on the keyboard.

The comb |8| ismoved from the full line to the dotted line position, by the shaft 3| heretofore mentioned in connection with the `type wheel shift mechanism. Rigidly secured to the shaft 3| is a shifter fork 3| 5, arranged to engage the yoke |82 which supports the comb and moves it toward the right, Fig. 9, against the action of a-compression spring 3|6, which otherwise maintains the comb in its normalor left-hand position.

When it is desired to shift from one type wheel to another, that is,'from say type of eight-point width to type of twelve-point width, the type wheels are moved toward the left in Fig. 5, so as to bring the ytype wheel Ma into the same relativev position as the type wheel |`4 is shown. For

this purpose I use `the manually adjustable link .I

3H, heretofore mentioned.. As shown, this link interconnects the lever 3||T with the link 3|2, to cause the type wheels to be lmoved to position the type wheels for either upper or lower case characters.

As shown in Fig. 1, the adjustable link is piv.- Otally connected to the link 3|2, by a permanent pivot 320and is providedwith three openings 32|, arranged toreceive a pin or plunger 322, which may be adjustably positioned in any one.A of the openings by the operator, to secure the' -1ink\3|4 to the lever 3|0 in any of three positions, each of which is arranged to shift its respective type wheel-into operative relationship relative to the platen.- v

When the shift is made from one type whe to another, itl follws that the paper feed carriage and the justification chart must be ad` vanced a different amount forthe vtwelve-point type than it was an an eight-point type. However, I findv it desirable to make the ratio of the widths of the various characters relative `to each 

